The next few posts will analyze the ecosystem and processes of Swiss direct democracy. If you do not live in Switzerland, chances are good that you are not familiar with this form of democracy. Don’t worry, below...
Facebook Announces Oversight Board for Content Decisions
Mid-September 2019 Facebook announced first steps in setting up an oversight board. This will be a body for Facebook’s users to appeal the companies content decisions. A quick summary: This is practically a pre...
An update to definition of co-creation
As mentioned in an earlier post, some authors have suggested a view on the depth of co-creation. I find this an extremely important aspect, as it helps explain how customers are involved. This depth dimension adds a...
Co-creation summary
The below illustration, a version of my literature review structure highlights each layer’s main elements, as identified during review. The co-creation Mindset and Tools are well defined and structured.There are also a...
7, Measurement – is co-creation worth it?
(This series of posts is based on my literature review – ask me for sources in the comments.) What are the outcomes of co-creation? That is hard to answer. Only few of the co-creation frameworks include...
6, Tools – aka the toolbox of co-creation practitioners
(This series of posts is based on my literature review – ask me for sources in the comments.) Tools ensure that customers can express their ideas towards the organizations, and organizations can interpret...
5, The participating customers
(This series of posts is based on my literature review – ask me for sources in the comments.) Much of the co-creation literature acknowledges extension and evolution of the customer’s role in the past decades. This went...
4, Process – the needle in a haystack
(This series of posts is based on my literature review – ask me for sources in the comments.) From a managerial perspective, processes that describe co-creation from initiation to implementation, on the...

3, Frameworks – where to place co-creation
(This series of posts is based on my literature review – ask me for sources in the comments.) Authors. Love. Frameworks. They really do. Most build their own frameworks (i.e. a basic conceptional structure) without...
2, The co-creation mindset
(This series of posts is based on my literature review – ask me for sources in the comments.) If ‘Drivers‘ tell you why you should adapt co-creation, then ‘Mindset’ is the collection of...
1, Drivers of co-creation – why should you get started?
(This series of posts is based on my literature review – ask me for sources in the comments.) As a service design practitioner I am convinced about the need for customer involvement – but only about half of...
Co-creation – a literature review structure
Gathering the insights from 20 different publications called for a structured approach. This became apparent by the third reading – but I had no idea what this structure should look like until halfway through the...
Co-creation Literature List
As mentioned in an earlier post about structure, one of the main sections of my thesis is reviewing co-creation literature. Before we get to the details, below is the list of papers and books that I reviewed. The...
“Customer co-creation”? What does that even mean?
So services require co-creation from the side of customers. Isn’t that a little vague?What does that really mean? Yes, it is vague, so glad you asked! “Customer co-creation”, until recently, lacked...
What is service design? Here is one explanation of many
There is a running joke, that if you ask 10 service designers about what it is they do, they will give you 11 definitions. Service design builds on practices of mass manufacturing, communications, industrial design...
Let’s start at the beginning – what is direct democracy?
In short, it is a system that gives Swiss citizens a first and final say. Direct democracy opposes electoral democracy in that decision making is practiced directly by the people, instead of by representatives of people...
Goals – why am I doing this?
Using direct democracy as a model for co-creation in commercial organizations – why did I chose specifically this topic of for my MBA thesis? There are three answers.